Scoliosis
Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways. According to the Scoliosis Research Society, a curve greater than 10° is considered scoliosis. Mild scoliosis ranges from 10° to 20°. Normally, the spine should look straight from behind and have a slight curve from the side to absorb gravity. With scoliosis, the spine curves abnormally from both angles. This is different from poor posture or “text neck”; it’s a spinal deformity called scoliosis.
Scoliosis affects around 9 million people in the USA, including children, teens, and adults. When viewed from behind, a spine with scoliosis might look like a “C” or an “S.” Sometimes, the vertebrae (spinal bones) also rotate.
Types of Scoliosis
There are three main types of idiopathic scoliosis:
- Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis: Occurs in children aged 1-3. It affects boys and girls equally. In 90% of cases, the curve resolves as the child grows.
- Juvenile Idiopathic Scoliosis: Develops in children aged 4-10, more common in boys. It often involves a left-side curve. While some curves may improve with growth, those over 30° often worsen without treatment.
- Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): The most common type, affecting children aged 10-18, especially girls. It appears in about 4% of adolescents. AIS often progresses rapidly during puberty and can continue to worsen if the curve exceeds 60°. Causes are not fully understood but may include uneven growth, hormonal imbalances, or muscle issues. Genetics may play a role, with higher prevalence in certain ethnic groups.
Many researchers believe there is a strong hereditary component to the development of AIS. This means that it is possible that the development of some scoliosis may be genetic. For example, classical S-shaped scoliosis is often seen in a number of Eastern European countries and in individuals of Eastern European descent.
In addition, there are 2 categories of scoliosis: Structural and Functional. In structural scoliosis, the cause of the curvature is rigid, affect the function of the spine, and cannot be reversed. Functional scoliosis is often caused by non-structural issues, do not affect the function of the spine, and often clear up with the underlying cause is addressed.
What Causes Scoliosis?
More than 80% of scoliosis cases are idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown. Other causes include:
- Congenital Scoliosis: Congenital refers to a disease or physical abnormality that occurs during fetal development and is present from birth.
- Neurological Conditions: Diseases like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.
- Muscular Diseases: Conditions affecting muscle strength.
- Genetic Conditions: Such as Down syndrome.
- Injuries or Infections: Affecting the vertebrae or discs.
What Are The Signs of Scoliosis?
As suspected with any postural abnormalities or changes that are often relatively easy to spot when you’re looking for them.
Common signs include:
- Uneven shoulders or hips
- One arm hanging differently than the other
- Differences in shoulder blade height
- Head not centered with the body
- Muscle weakness on one side
In children, scoliosis may not cause pain initially. However, as it progresses, it can lead to headaches, back pain, and other musculoskeletal issues. Severe scoliosis can affect the ribcage and impact heart and lung function.
I see many patients with scoliosis in my practice with headaches, a tension between shoulder blades, lower back pain, hip and knee pain as a result of scoliosis. Disc degeneration and postural deterioration are expected with scoliosis and is the reason why it should be addressed as soon as possible with postural and movement strengthening.
Screening and Diagnosis
Early detection is crucial. Pediatricians and chiropractors often monitor spinal development. School screenings are common but not always accurate. X-rays are necessary for a definitive diagnosis.
How is Scoliosis Treated?
Treatment goals include stopping or preventing the curve from worsening. Options depend on the curve’s degree, age, and overall health.
- Mild Scoliosis (less than 25°): Typically monitored with a “watch and wait” approach. Functional exercises and core strengthening can help.
- Moderate Scoliosis (25-30°): Bracing may be recommended. Types include the Boston brace, Charleston Bending brace, or Milwaukee brace. Combining bracing with other treatments is often best.
- Severe Scoliosis (greater than 45°): May require surgery to realign the spine and place metal rods. Post-surgery, maintaining good posture and overall health is essential.
Should You See A Chiropractor for Scoliosis
Chiropractors are trained to observe the curvature and alignment of the spine. Scoliosis and improper curvature are one of the main things chiropractors look for when examining a patient and are very watchful for when treating children. Chiropractic adjustment, brings alignment to the spine and in conjunction with modalities such as Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) and discoveries from Brain-based Neurology and Posture examination, proper posture, conditioning and movement coordination is established.
If you want to be assessed for scoliosis or are seeking treatment that actually minimizes pain contact us. Meanwhile be sure to follow us on Instagram for daily tips when it comes to posture and health and check out our Scoliosis Playlist on Youtube.